Problem statement: This section develops the main motivation for the study explaining real life problems to be dealt with. It is also called the rationale. In stating the problem it is best to specifically describe what the project intends to solve. For example, the possible real life problems may be shortage or even absence of the product in the local market, or to reduce the foreign import or to introduce a new and innovative product. The problem statement should specifically mention these reasons.
The justifications of the project, reasons for studying the problem, should also be included in this section. For instance, the fact that Brewery industries in XXX region mainly import malt while it was possible to produce the barely in highlands of the region could justify the malt production project.
This part is best written if specific numbers are mentioned. For instance, if reduction in foreign import is the main problem, the average import in 3-5 years and its implications should be mentioned. This will transform the problem statement part to evidence based argument than a simple general problem.
Objectives: This is the most crucial part of the project. It is the first seen by project evaluators hence leading to many critical questions. In writing the objective part the best format is to divide them into general objective and specific objectives and write at least three objectives in each category.
The general objective is derived from the statement of the problem. It restates how this project solves the problems and the overall uses thereof. For instance, for plant design project, the general objectives could be to satisfy local demand, reduce foreign import and save foreign currency, introducing new product that has market potential, create jobs and contribute to economy etc. Please note that writing bulleted one line statements as objectives is the worst way to describe them. So always write an elaborated objectives to make it clear to even the project evaluator who has little knowledge about your objectives.
The specific objective should state what specific tasks are planned in the study. For instance, the literature survey leads to identification of the state of the art in the production and review of current researches related to the topic. These results are one specific objective.
Another specific objective could be derived from the mass balance, energy balance and sizing chapters. This could be generalized as one specific objective i.e. to determine the exact size of the plant that can balance supply and demand or at least reduce the shortage.
The market and demand study is another source of specific objectives. The outcome of this study is to determine the demand of the product and the selling price that affect the financial success of the plant. This could be generalized as one specific objective.
Financial and economic analysis gives a specific objective to determine the financial feasibility of the process plant. The outcome of the environmental impact analysis section is summarized as one specific objective.
Methodology
The methodology of a project is details the principles, procedures or rules to be used. Plant design procedures are usually clear. It starts with literature survey, market survey, design calculations, may include laboratory experiments and ends with financial analysis and environmental impact analysis. These processes should be elaborated in the project methodology section.
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